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Who is "White"?

Last updated: 2021

The term "White People" does not have a good definition, that's a fact. The US census includes everyone who is of European or Middle Eastern or North African origin, the UK census only includes Europeans, on the Internet you'll find anything from "Italians/Spaniards/Slavs are not White" to "Iranians are White". In the 19th century, the English came up with the term and were excluding everyone except themselves as non-White (the Irish, Germans, even Swedes were said to be "swarthy"). We Jews can identify ourselves as White or non-White, depending on what is more beneficial in any situation. The whole thing is ridiculous and in need of a proper definition.

Why is it important to know who is White and who is not? For example, American and British employers will ask for race during a job application. This is to make sure that not too many White people are hired and the companies hire more diverse employees instead. In South Africa for example, 80% of jobs must be given to Black people by law, and not to White or Colored peoplein the South African context, "Colored" refers to the Khoisan, i.e. the native South African people who lived there before the Whites and the Blacks came, as well as mixed-race people. Many organizations also forbid racism in their code of conduct, but leave an exception for "reverse-racism", a modern term referring to racism against White people. So again it is important to know who is White and who is not.

I think a compromise of the definitions would be: White is who is racially Caucasian and of Christian background (i.e. not Muslim or Jewish, but atheist is ok). This would result in the following peoples being "White", and I believe this corresponds to the intuitive labelling many people do.

Please note that many smaller ethnicities or linguistic groups are not listed below; generally any ethnicities that number below 50,000 are not shown.
Non-Christian peoples are missing in accordance to the above definition. This includes Muslims such as Turks and various Caucasian ethnicities, but also the European Bosniaks as they are basically Muslim by definition (otherwise they would be Serbs or Croats). I did add Albanians, because even though the majority is Muslim, there are still several millions of Christian Albanians and they are the majority in some regions. Kalmyks as Europe's only Buddhist people are also missing in the table below.

People/Ethnicity Flag Population estimate Dominant religion Traditional language Language Group % still speaking their traditional language Language official status Have ethnostate?
Germanic languages (part of Indo-European language family)
Germans142mCatholic and LutheranStandard German and other German languagesGermanic (West)c.67% (incl. people of German ancestry)Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, South Tyrol and Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy), some municipalities in Poland, Namibia; minority language in Brazil, Alsace and Lorraine (France), Denmark, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, RussiaYes (Germany & Austria)
English76mAnglicanEnglishGermanic (West)c.500% (more native English speakers than people of majority English ancentry)United Kingdom, Ireland, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, former and current British coloniesYes (England/UK)
Dutch30mCatholic and CalvinistDutchGermanic (West)c.80% (incl. people of Dutch ancestry)Netherlands, Belgium, SurinameYes (Netherlands)
Swedes13mLutheranSwedishGermanic (North)c.77% (incl. people of Swedish ancestry)Sweden, FinlandYes (Sweden)
Norwegians10mLutheranNorwegianGermanic (North)c.53% (incl. people of Norwegian ancestry)NorwayYes (Norway)
Danes7mLutheranDanishGermanic (North)c.85% (incl. people of Danish ancestry)Denmark, Faroe Islands; minority language in Greenland and GermanyYes (Denmark)
Afrikaners1native to South Africa3mCalvinistAfrikaansGermanic (West)c.205% (more native Afrikaans speakers than ethnic Afrikaners)South Africa, NamibiaNo
Frisians0.5mCalvinist and LutheranFrisianGermanic (West)c.30% (dominated by Dutch and German)Netherlands; minority language in GermanyNo
Icelanders0.4mLutheranIcelandicGermanic (North)c.81% (incl. people of Icelandic ancestry)IcelandYes (Iceland)
Faroese0.07mLutheranFaroeseGermanic (North)100%Faroe Islands; minority language in Denmark and GreenlandYes (Faroe Islands autonomous territory)
Celtic languages (part of Indo-European language family)
Irish75mCatholicIrishCeltic<1% (dominated by English)Ireland, UKYes (Ireland & NI/UK)
Scots34mPresbyterianScottish Gaelic and ScotsCeltic / Germanic (West)<1% (dominated by English)minority language in ScotlandYes (Scotland/UK)
Welsh11mAnglicanWelshCelticc.9% (dominated by English)WalesYes (Wales/UK)
Cornish8.5mAnglicanCornishCeltic<1% (dominated by English)no official status (not even in Cornwall)No
Bretons7mCatholicBretonCelticc.3% (dominated by French)minority language in Brittany (France)No
Manx0.1mAnglicanManxCeltic<1% (dominated by English)Isle of Man (?)Yes (Isle of Man)
Italic languages (part of Indo-European language family)
Spaniards273mCatholicSpanish/Castilian, Galician, AragoneseItalic (Romanic)c.180% (more native Spanish speakers than people of majority Spanish ancestry)Spain, most Central and South American countriesYes (Spain)
Italians150mCatholicStandard Italian and other Italian languagesItalic (Romanic)c.45% (incl. people of Italian ancestry)Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican, Istria (Slovenia and Croatia); minority language in Slovenia and CroatiaYes (Italy)
French95mCatholicFrench, Occitan, ArpitanItalic (Romanic)c.81% (incl. people of French ancestry)France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Quebec (Canada), Aosta Valley (Italy), former and current French coloniesYes (France)
Portuguese60mCatholicPortugueseItalic (Romanic)c.415% (more native Portuguese speakers than people of majority Portuguese ancestry)Portugal, Brazil, former Portuguese coloniesYes (Portugal)
Romanian27mOrthodoxRomanianItalic (Romanic)c.93% (incl. people of Romanian ancestry)Romania, Moldova, Vojvodina (Serbia); minority in Hungary, Ukraine, SerbiaYes (Romania & Moldova)
Catalans8.4mCatholicCatalanItalic (Romanic)c.49% (dominated by Spanish)Andorra, parts of Spain; minority language in France and Sardinia (Italy)Yes (Andorra & Catalonia Autonomous Community)
Sardinians3.9mCatholicSardinianItalic (Romanic)c.30% (dominated by Italian) (incl. people of Sardinian ancestry)Sardinia (Italy)No
Friulians2mCatholicFriulianItalic (Romanic)c.30% (dominated by Italian)Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy)No
Aromanians0.5mOrthodoxAromanianItalic (Romanic)c.50% (dominated by Greek, Macedonian, Bulgarian, and Albanian)minority language in North Macedonia and AlbaniaNo
Corsicans0.2mCatholicCorsicanItalic (Romanic)c.80% (dominated by French)minority language in Corsica (France)No
Romansh0.07mCatholicRomanshItalic (Romanic)c.90% (dominated by German and Italian)SwitzerlandNo
Ladins0.05mCatholicLadinItalic (Romanic)c.88% (dominated by German and Italian)South Tyrol (Italy)No
Slavic languages (part of Indo-European language family)
Russians2native to the European part of Russia134mOrthodoxRussianSlavic (East)c.112% (more native Russian speakers than people of primarily Russian ancestry)Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Gagauzia and Transnistria (Moldova), Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Georgia / de facto independent), Artsakh (Azerbaijan / de facto Armenian), Lugansk and Donetsk (Ukraine) as well as Crimea (Russia/Ukraine disputed); minority language in Romania, Armenia, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Latvia, Moldova, Mongolia, UkraineYes (Russia)
Poles60mCatholicPolishSlavic (West)c.75% (incl. people of Polish ancestry)Poland; minority language in Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Slovakia, and UkraineYes (Poland)
Ukrainians (historically also: Rusins or Ruthenians)46.7mOrthodoxUkrainianSlavic (East)c.86% (historically dominated by Russian)Ukraine, Transnistria (Moldova); minority language in Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and SlovakiaYes (Ukraine)
Czechs14mCatholicCzechSlavic (West)c.100%Czech Republic; minority language in Slovakia, Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Poland, and RomaniaYes (Czech Republic)
Serbs12mOrthodoxSerbo-CroatianSlavic (South)c.100%Serbia (incl. Kosovo), Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro; minority language in Croatia, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, North Macedonia, and RomaniaYes (Serbia)
Belarusians10mOrthodoxBelarusianSlavic (East)c.54% (dominated by Russian)Belarus, some Polish municipalities; minority language in Czech Republic, Russia, and UkraineYes (Belarus)
Bulgarians9mOrthodoxBulgarianSlavic (South)c.89%Bulgaria; minority language in Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Ukraine, Serbia, Albania, and RomaniaYes (Bulgaria)
Croats8mCatholicSerbo-CroatianSlavic (South)c.70% (incl. people of Croatian ancestry)Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Vojvodina (Serbia), Burgenland (Austria); minority language in Montenegro, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Baranya County (Hungary), and ItalyYes (Croatia)
Slovaks6.5mCatholicSlovakSlavic (West)c.80% (incl. people of Slovak ancestry)Slovakia; minority language in Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, and CroatiaYes (Slovakia)
Macedonians2.5mOrthodoxMacedonianSlavic (South)c.100%North Macedonia; minority language in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Romania, and SerbiaYes (North Macedonia)
Slovenians2.5mCatholicSloveneSlavic (South)c.100%Slovenia; minority language in Austria and ItalyYes (Slovenia)
Montenegrins0.3mOrthodoxSerbo-CroatianSlavic (South)c.100%Montenegro, Bosnia-HerzegovinaYes (Montenegro)
Sorbs0.07mCatholicismSorbianSlavic (West)c.36% (dominated by German)minority language in Brandenburg and Saxony (Germany)No
Baltic languages (part of Indo-European language family)
Lithuanians4mCatholicLithuanianBaltic (East)c.75% (incl. people of Lithuanian ancestry)Lithuania; minority language in PolandYes (Lithuania)
Latvians2.5mLutheranLatvianBaltic (East)c.75% (incl. people of Latvian ancestry)LatviaYes (Latvia)
Hellenic languages
Greeks15.5mOrthodoxGreekHellenicc.87% (incl. people of Greek ancestry)Greece & CyprusYes (Greece and non-occupied Cyprus)
Antiochian Greeks (also called: Rum)4native to the Levant1.8mOrthodoxGreekHellenic<1% (dominated by Arabic)
Other Indo-European languages
Albanians10mCatholic & Orthodox; however the majority is Muslim or AtheistAlbanianAlbanianc.88% (incl. people of Albanian ancestry)Albania, North Macedonia, Kosovo (Serbia), Montenegro; minority language in Italy, Serbia, Croatia, and RomaniaYes (Albania & Kosovo)
Armenians3native to the Caucasus mountains8.5mOrthodoxArmenianArmenianc.79% (incl. people of Armenian ancestry)Armenia & Artsakh; minority language in Cyprus, Hungary, Iraq, Poland, Romania, Ukraine, and LebanonYes (Armenia)
Ossetians3native to the Caucasus mountains0.6mOrthodoxOssetianIranianc.100%North Ossetia-Alania (Russia), South Ossetia (Georgia / de facto independent)Yes (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania in Russia & South Ossetia)
Paleo-European languages
Basques3mCatholicBasqueVasconicc.25% (dominated by Spanish and French)Basque Autonomous Community & Navarre (Spain); minority language in French Basque countryYes (Basque Autonomous Community in Spain)
Uralic languages
Hungarians (Magyars)14.5mCatholicHungarianUralic (Ugric)c.90% (incl. people of Hungarian ancestry)Hungary; minority language in Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Austria, and UkraineYes (Hungary)
Finns6.5mLutheranFinnish and related languagesUralic (Finnic)c.89% (incl. people of Finnish ancestry)Finland; minority language in Sweden, Russia, and NorwayYes (Finland)
Estonians1.1mLutheranEstonianUralic (Finnic)c.100%EstoniaYes (Estonia)
Mordvins2native to the European part of Russia0.85mOrthodoxMordvinic languagesUralic (Mordvinic)c.51% (dominated by Russian)Mordovia (Russia)Yes (Republic of Mordovia in Russia)
Udmurts2native to the European part of Russia0.65mOrthodoxUdmurtUralic (Permic)c.60% (dominated by Russian)Udmurtia (Russia)Yes (Udmurt Republic in Russia)
Mari2native to the European part of Russia0.6mOrthodoxMariUralic (Mari)c.93% (dominated by Russian)Mari El (Russia)Yes (Mari El Republic in Russia)
Komi2native to the European part of Russia0.55mOrthodoxKomiUralic (Permic)c.30% (dominated by Russian)Komi (Russia)Yes (Komi Republic in Russia)
Sami0.1mLutheranSami languagesUralic (Sami)c.30% (dominated by Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian, and Russian)Norway; minority language in Finland and SwedenNo
Karelians2native to the European part of Russia0.07mOrthodoxKarelianUralic (Finnic)c.49% (dominated by Russian)minority language in Finland and Republic of Karelia (Russia)No (Karelian is not the official language of the Republic of Karelia in Russia)
Turkic languages
Chuvash2native to the European part of Russia1.5mOrthodoxChuvashTurkicc.70% (dominated by Russian)Chuvashia (Russia)Yes (Chuvash Republic in Russia)
Gagauz0.3mOrthodoxGagauzTurkicc.50% (dominated by Romanian)Gagauzia (Moldova); minority language in UkraineYes (Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia in Moldova)
Kartvelian languages
Georgians (Kartvelians)3native to the Caucasus mountains5mOrthodoxGeorgian and related languagesKartvelianc.74% (incl. people of Georgian ancestry)GeorgiaYes (Georgia)
Mingrelians3native to the Caucasus mountains0.4mOrthodoxMingrelianKartvelianc.86% (dominated by Georgian)no official statusNo
Northwest Caucasian languages
Abkhazians3native to the Caucasus mountains0.25mOrthodoxAbkhazNorthwest Caucasianc.76% (dominated by Georgian)Abkhazia (Georgia / de facto independent)Yes (Abkhazia)
Afro-Asiatic languages
Copts5native to North Africa17.5mOrthodoxCopticEgyptian<1% (dominated by Arabic)no official statusNo
Assyrians (also called: Chaldeans, Arameans, Syriacs)4native to the Levant3.5mOrthodoxAramaicSemiticc.27% (dominated by Arabic)no official statusNo
Maronites (also called: Phoenicians)4native to the Levant3.5mOrthodoxAramaic (Syriac)Semitic<1% (dominated by Arabic)no official statusNo
Maltese0.7mCatholicMalteseSemiticc.74% (incl. people of Maltese ancestry)MaltaYes (Malta)
Unknown/unspecified/mixed European ancestry
White Americans of unspecified ancestry6native to North America23mCatholic, Baptist and other ProtestantEnglishGermanic
White Australians of unspecified ancestry7native to Australia11mCatholic, Anglican and other ProtestantEnglishGermanic
White Canadians of unspecified ancestry6native to North America6.5mCatholic, Calvinist and other ProtestantEnglish & FrenchGermanic / Italic (Romanic)
White New Zealanders of unspecified ancestry8native to New Zealand3mCatholic, Anglican and other ProtestantEnglishGermanic

Notes:
1: native to South Africa
2: native to the European part of Russia
3: native to the Caucasus mountains
4: native to the Levant
5: native to North Africa
6: native to North America
7: native to Australia
8: native to New Zealand

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